Episode #1
英语新闻丨高校毕业生主动充电提升实操技能
Amid record numbers of new university graduates and a persistent labor mismatch across China, a fast-growing number of degree holders are turning to vocational training to acquire practical workplace skills, plugging long-standing gaps between theoretical university learning and on-the-job requirements. 全国高校毕业生规模创历史新高，劳动力供需错配问题长期存在。越来越多拥有本科学历的毕业生选择参加职业培训，习得职场实用技能，弥补高校理论学习与岗位实操要求之间长期存在的鸿沟。 The shift is epitomized by 26-year-old Liu Wenhao, who holds an environmental design degree. His first jobs in interior design in Qingdao, Shandong province, paid under 3,000 yuan ($445) a month, and despite cycling through five employers in a single year, he saw virtually no pay growth. He repeatedly confronted real-world work demands unaddressed by his university education, including being tasked single-handedly with designing a 300-square-meter apartment. 26岁的刘文浩便是这一转变的典型代表，他本科专业为环境设计。他早年在山东青岛从事室内设计，首份工作月薪不足3000元（折合445美元）；一年内接连换了五家公司，薪资却几乎毫无涨幅。工作中屡屡遇到大学课程未曾覆盖的实操难题，比如独立完成一套300平米住宅的全套设计。 To break his career stagnation, Liu enrolled at Qingdao Technicians College in 2024 in a multimedia training program, a sector booming as social media reshapes corporate communications and brand outreach. His newly acquired practical skills were in such strong demand that he left the two-year program early last year to take a corporate communications role at a local manufacturing plant, with his monthly income increasing to 5,000 yuan. 为打破职业发展瓶颈，刘文浩2024年进入青岛市技师学院，报读多媒体专业培训。随着社交媒体重塑企业宣传与品牌推广模式，多媒体行业迎来快速发展。他习得的实操技能市场紧俏，于是去年提前结业，入职当地一家制造企业负责品牌宣传，月薪涨到5000元。 "A degree only gets you through the door. What matters afterward is your actual ability," Liu said. 刘文浩表示：“学历只是入职敲门砖，真正决定发展上限的是实操能力。” With the number of college graduates nationwide reaching a historic high of 12.7 million this year, vocational "retraining" has evolved from individual career adjustment into a notable social trend, fueled in part by national policy priorities aimed at resolving China's stubborn labor supply-demand imbalance. 今年全国高校毕业生规模达到1270万的历史峰值。职业技能回炉培训已从个人职业调整手段，演变为显著社会风潮，国家出台多项重点政策，着力破解长期难以化解的劳动力供需失衡问题，进一步助推这一趋势。 During a 2024 study session of the Political Bureau of the 20th Communist Party of China Central Committee, Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, identified the mismatch between graduate talent supply and industrial skills demand as the country's foremost employment challenge. He called for adjustments to academic programs and resource allocation in higher education, enhancements to vocational education and improvements in lifelong vocational skills training. 2024年，中共二十届中央政治局开展集体学习，习近平总书记指出，高校人才供给与产业技能需求错配是我国就业领域首要难题。总书记提出，要优化高等教育专业设置与资源配置，做强职业教育，完善终身职业技能培训体系。 Authorities have moved swiftly to implement these directives, restructuring university course offerings and resource distribution, modernizing vocational training infrastructure and expanding subsidized skill-upgrading programs. 各地各部门迅速落实相关部署：调整高校专业布局与资源分配，升级职业培训实训硬件，扩大政府补贴式技能提升培训覆盖面。 Official figures show the government delivered 11.53 million subsidized vocational training sessions in 2025 alone, part of a broader push to align graduate capabilities with industrial needs. 官方数据显示，仅2025年，政府补贴开展的职业培训累计达1153万人次，这也是全国统筹推进毕业生能力适配产业发展的重要举措。 Findings from a 2025 survey covering 105 technician schools show that between 2023 and 2025, the number of schools running courses targeted at college graduates rose from 26 to 45, with total enrollment increasing from 1,821 to 2462. 2025年一项覆盖105所技师学院的调研显示：2023至2025年间，开设高校毕业生专项技能班的院校数量从26所增至45所，参训总人数从1821人提升至2462人。 Growth is particularly robust among learners with higher academic credentials. Institutions offering retraining for holders of bachelor's degrees and higher jumped 75 percent, from 16 to 28, and enrollment in these programs climbed from 401 to 570 participants. 高学历参训群体增长势头尤为迅猛。面向本科及以上学历人群开设回炉课程的院校数量大涨75%，从16所增至28所；对应参训人数从401人升至570人。 While highly educated retrainees still account for a modest share of overall vocational students, their rapid growth rate signals fast-rising demand for practical skill upgrades among China's university-educated workforce, experts say. 专家表示，尽管高学历回炉学员在全部职校学生中占比仍不高，但其增速迅猛，说明国内本科就业群体对实操技能提升的需求正在快速攀升。 National and local policymakers have rolled out targeted initiatives to accelerate the trend. 中央及各地政府陆续推出专项扶持举措，持续推动这一发展趋势。 In April last year, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security launched a nationwide campaign encouraging vocational colleges to open specialized training tracks for university graduates. 去年4月，人社部启动全国专项行动，引导各类职业院校开设面向高校毕业生的专属技能培训赛道。 The push comes amid acute industry-wide talent shortages. The ministry estimated that China was facing a skilled-labor shortage of 4.5 million in smart manufacturing alone by the end of last year. 该行动出台的背景是全行业技能人才缺口突出。人社部测算，截至去年年底，仅智能制造领域，我国技能人才缺口就达450万。 To address this, Beijing plans a two-year program this year at six technician colleges in smart manufacturing, multimedia and auto repair. 为补齐人才短板，北京今年启动为期两年的专项培养计划，依托六所技师学院开设智能制造、多媒体、汽车维修三大方向培训班。 Jiangsu province, a manufacturing powerhouse on China's eastern coast, plans to launch 20 such classes this year in artificial intelligence, advanced manufacturing and modern services. 东部制造业大省江苏，计划今年开设20个同类专项培训班，覆盖人工智能、先进制造、现代服务业领域。 Vocational educators witness this academic-practical skill divide firsthand. Lu Weiyang, an instructor at a Guangzhou technician college that began offering one-year skills programs to graduates last year, sees the gap daily. Undergraduates arrive with theoretical knowledge but weak hands-on skills — a gap he considers bridgeable. They learn faster, he said, thanks to stronger self-learning and comprehension. 职教一线教师直观感受到理论知识与实操能力之间的断层。广州一所技师学院自去年开设一年制毕业生技能专班，教师卢伟阳每天都能见到这类差距：本科生理论基础扎实，但动手实操薄弱，而这一短板完全可以通过培训补齐。他表示，本科生自学与理解能力更强，技能学习速度更快。 "Students with an undergraduate background have the ability to extrapolate — they can deduce the next steps after a bit of guidance," he said. 他说：“本科毕业生具备知识推演能力，稍加点拨就能举一反三，推导出后续操作流程。” Teaching such mixed cohorts — some with relevant degrees, others from unrelated fields — has required new approaches. 培训班学员背景混杂，有人专业对口，有人跨专业转行，这倒逼院校创新教学模式。 To accommodate these academically advanced learners, vocational institutions are revamping their teaching frameworks. Li Yang, vice-dean of the college's electromechanical equipment department, said the school has adopted custom modular courses tailored specifically for graduate retrainees. 为适配高学历学员的学习特点，各职校重构教学体系。该院机电设备系副主任李阳介绍，学校专门为本科学历回炉学员定制模块化课程。 "Modular training is like targeted driving test instruction — each module builds a specific practical skill," he said. Students work through separate skill blocks — electrical systems, pneumatics, installation, programming — at their own pace, focusing only on what they lack rather than repeating what they already know. 他解释：“模块化培训类似驾照专项分项教学，每个模块对应一项独立实操技能。”学员分模块学习电气、气动、设备安装、编程等内容，可自主把控学习进度，只补自身短板，无需重复学习已掌握的知识。 ntegrated model 产教融合一体化培养模式 In his speech at the 2024 study session of the Political Bureau, Xi emphasized the need for better integration of vocational and general education, industry and education, and science and education. He also highlighted the importance of allowing the market to play a decisive role in human resource allocation while ensuring that the government fulfills its supportive role. 总书记在二十届中央政治局2024年集体学习讲话中强调，要推动职普融通、产教融合、科教融汇。同时要充分发挥市场在人力资源配置中的决定性作用，更好发挥政府扶持保障作用。 Guangdong province, an industrial powerhouse, has emerged as a front-runner in implementing this integrated model. 制造业大省广东是落地一体化培养模式的先行地区。 By the end of last year, the province had built 171 industry-education-evaluation skill chains, partnering with leading companies, including Huawei, Tencent and BYD, to tailor vocational training curricula to real supply chain and industrial needs. 截至去年年底，广东建成171条产教评技能产业链，联合华为、腾讯、比亚迪等龙头企业，依据产业链真实需求定制职业培训课程。 For Li Shaochang, 29, a graduate of Guangzhou Electromechanical Technician College, the decision to enroll in a technician college was driven by market demand. Despite holding a degree in mold design and manufacturing from Tianjin University, one of China's most prestigious institutions, he spent five years outside his field. Observing the shift toward smart manufacturing and AI, he recognized the need for practical skills. 29岁的李少昌毕业于广州机电技师学院，他选择入校学习完全出于市场需求考量。他本科就读顶尖学府天津大学模具设计与制造专业，却有五年时间从事无关行业。目睹智能制造、人工智能产业快速兴起后，他意识到实操技能不可或缺。 "The technician college gives me extensive hands-on experience," he said. "That, combined with university training, is exactly what companies want." 他表示：“技师学院能提供充足实操练习，再搭配大学打下的理论基础，正是企业最看重的复合能力。” The college's partnership with Guangzhou Jiafan Computer Co, an automation enterprise focused on smart manufacturing, gives students access to the same production line hardware used in the factory, with engineers teaching on campus. Li Shaochang's strong academic background earned him an early placement at Jiafan, where he joined an automated guided vehicle robotics team — a platform that combines a mobile chassis with a robotic arm for tasks like material handling and loading. His team leader was an engineer who had taught him at the college. 学院与专注智能制造的自动化企业广州佳帆计算机公司深度合作，校内配备和工厂生产线同款设备，企业工程师驻校授课。李少昌凭借扎实理论基础提前入职佳帆，加入自动导引车机器人研发小组，该设备结合移动底盘与机械臂，可完成物料转运、装卸等作业，小组主管正是在校教过他的工程师。 Zhang Kai, 37, holds a business administration degree from Guangdong University of Foreign Studies and now oversees Jiafan's advanced skills training base. Speaking from both sides of the desk — as a manager and a student in the same program — he said the company screens for a willingness to learn and a desire for skills, not credentials. 37岁的张凯拥有广东外语外贸大学工商管理学位，现任佳帆高级技能实训基地负责人。他既当过参训学员，如今又是企业管理者，他表示企业招人更看重学习意愿与实操能力，而非一纸文凭。 "A bachelor's diploma shows you can handle exam pressure," he said. "But a degree plus real skills — that's where the real competitive edge lies." 他说：“本科学历只能证明你具备应试学习能力，学历搭配过硬实操，才是真正的核心竞争力。” At the annual Central Economic Work Conference in December, Xi called for combining investment in physical assets with investment in human capital — a call that has since crystallized into the political catchphrase "investing in people", shorthand for upgrading the workforce through education, skills training, health and social adaptability. 去年12月中央经济工作会议上，总书记提出统筹推进物质资本投入与人力资本投入，这一部署凝练为“投资于人”的重要提法，即通过教育、技能培训、健康保障、社会适应能力培育全面提升劳动者综合素养。 Embodying that principle is Liu, the environmental design degree holder who enrolled at Qingdao Technicians College. He now earns more than double his previous salary, so his choice to build on his degree with vocational training has already paid off. 前文提到的环境设计专业毕业生刘文浩正是这一理念的鲜活案例。如今他薪资较从前翻了一倍有余，依托学历补充职业技能的选择已经收获实实在在的回报。 mismatch /ˌmɪsˈmætʃ/错配，供需失衡 stagnation /stæɡˈneɪʃn/停滞，发展瓶颈 modular /ˈmɒdjələ(r)/模块化的 extrapolate /ɪkˈstræpəleɪt/推断，举一反三 pneumatics /njuːˈmætɪks/气动技术 curriculum /kəˈrɪkjələm/课程体系，教学大纲
