RetinUp Podcast

RetinUp is a podcast exploring the latest in retina science and ophthalmology. Hosted by John Kitchens, MD, and Scott Krzywonos, each episode features expert insights, research breakthroughs, and practical discussions designed for ophthalmologists, retina specialists, and vision science researchers.

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  Episode #32

  Breaking News: Kodiak's DAYBREAK Hits — Zenkuda and Tabirafusp-ted Both Positive

  Sep 28, 20268 min

  Breaking news: Kodiak Sciences announced this morning that both Zenkuda (tarcocimab tedromer) and tabirafusp-ted (KSI-501, tabirafusp alfa tedromer) met their primary endpoints in the Phase 3 DAYBREAK study in wet AMD — non-inferiority in vision gains vs. aflibercept at 1 year. Kodiak plans a Q4 2026 BLA filing for Zenkuda, covering five positive Phase 3 studies across wet AMD, diabetic retinopathy, and RVO. John Kitchens, MD, and Scott Krzywonos break down what makes DAYBREAK's design unusual, why Kodiak's comeback from the KSI-301 miss matters, what 54% of patients on 6-month dosing actually means in a real-world context, and what the tabirafusp-ted data suggest about where IL-6 inhibition fits in retina. Detailed results will be presented at AAO Subspecialty Day by Charles C. Wykoff, MD, PhD, on Friday, October 9, at 4:40 PM local time, New Orleans. Hosts: John Kitchens, MD, Scott Krzywonos Topics Covered DAYBREAK: What the Data Show Study design: Phase 3; treatment-naive wet AMD patients only; three arms — Zenkuda (four monthly loading doses, then PRN based on zero-fluid-tolerance retreatment criteria based on AI volumetric data), tabirafusp-ted (four monthly loading doses, then every-other-month proactively with monthly dosing if needed), and aflibercept 2mg (three monthly loading doses, then every eight weeks); primary endpoint: mean BCVA change from weeks 40 to 48. Zenkuda primary endpoint: met (p=0.0007). Vision gains: 7.2 letters (Zenkuda) vs. 7.6 letters (aflibercept). Central subfield thickness reduction: approximately 135 µm in both arms. Durability: 54% of Zenkuda patients reached 6-month dosing at year 1; 62% reached at least 5 months. Tabirafusp-ted primary endpoint: also met (p=0.0036). Anatomical key secondary endpoint also met (p Safety: Zenkuda showed 0% intraocular inflammation and a 0.5% cataract adverse event rate (vs. 0.9% for aflibercept). Tabirafusp-ted showed 0% cataract adverse events. What Makes This Design Different Zero-fluid-tolerance retreatment criteria: most trials allow some residual fluid in pursuit of extended intervals. DAYBREAK allowed none — any fluid on AI volumetric analysis triggered retreatment. This is closer to how most retina specialists actually treat in clinic, which may narrow the gap between trial outcomes and real-world results. AI-assisted retreatment: Kodiak used an AI volumetric fluid tool assessing the central 3 mm of the OCT to determine retreatment eligibility. The combination of strict criteria and a 20-day half-life for Zenkuda is what may drive the durability signal. Previously treated patients: DAYBREAK enrolled treatment-naive patients only. The companion ALTO Phase 3 study will assess both treatment-naive and previously treated patients with tabirafusp-ted in DME, actively enrolling now. Kodiak's Comeback from KSI-301 KSI-301, Kodiak's prior ABC-platform agent, missed its primary endpoint. Kodiak modified the approach with Zenkuda, allowing some free drug alongside the conjugated biopolymer to produce immediate effect on loading, then relying on the conjugated drug for durability. The ~20-day intravitreal half-life of Zenkuda exceeds what is seen with conventional anti-VEGF agents. What the Tabirafusp-ted Data Mean for IL-6 No additional vision gains with tabirafusp-ted vs. aflibercept despite monthly/bimonthly dosing. John's read: IL-6 may not add meaningful benefit in treatment-naive wet AMD. Better indications likely exist: uveitic macular edema and DME (where vascular leakage and inflammation are more tightly linked). Post-hoc analyses to identify wet AMD subgroups that might benefit are planned. What's Next Zenkuda BLA: Q4 2026 filing, covering five positive Phase 3 studies across wet AMD, diabetic retinopathy, and RVO. ALTO: Phase 3 study of tabirafusp-ted in DME; enrolling now; includes both treatment-naive and previously treated patients. Full data presentation: Charles C. Wykoff, MD, PhD, presents DAYBREAK results at AAO Subspecialty Day, Friday, October 9, 4:40 PM, New Orleans. Key Takeaways Both Zenkuda and tabirafusp-ted met their primary endpoints in DAYBREAK — Kodiak's comeback from the KSI-301 miss is complete, at least clinically. 54% of Zenkuda patients on 6-month dosing under zero-fluid-tolerance criteria is a meaningful durability signal, and the strict retreatment protocol makes these results more directly comparable to real-world practice than most trials. Tabirafusp-ted's vision data in wet AMD don't support IL-6 as a meaningful add-on in treatment-naive patients; DME and uveitic macular edema remain the more compelling targets. Kodiak plans a Q4 2026 BLA filing for Zenkuda across three indications. If approved, this would be an important new mechanism in wet AMD. Credits Production & Marketing: Laura Brown | Business Operations: Liz Hogan Listen at RetinUp.com | Apple Podcasts | Spotify | YouTube

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  Episode #31

  Breaking News: Merck's Remigromig Hits Primary Endpoint in BRUNELLO for DME [Corrected]

  Sep 25, 202613 min

  Breaking news: Merck announced this morning that remigromig (MK-3000), its investigational tetravalent tri-specific Wnt pathway agonist, met the primary endpoint of the Phase 2b/3 BRUNELLO trial for diabetic macular edema. Both the 0.5 mg and 0.8 mg doses independently demonstrated non-inferiority to 0.5 mg ranibizumab monthly at week 52. John Kitchens, MD, and Scott Krzywonos break down the topline data, the safety signals to watch (and how they might be mitigated in real-world treatment), where remigromig fits alongside anti-VEGF and steroid therapy, and what the BAROLO companion study needs to show before Merck can engage regulators for approval. Full data presentation by Donald J. D'Amico, MD, at AAO Subspecialty Day, Saturday, October 10, 5:10 PM local time, New Orleans. Editors' Note: A previous version of this episode understated the complexity of the Wnt signalling pathway. It has been edited for accuracy. Hosts: John Kitchens, MD, Scott Krzywonos Topics Covered BRUNELLO: What the Data Show Trial design: randomized, double-masked Phase 2b/3; 984 participants with DME; three arms — remigromig 0.5 mg, remigromig 0.8 mg, and ranibizumab 0.5 mg (active control); all dosed monthly; primary endpoint: mean change from baseline in BCVA at week 52. Primary endpoint: met. Both doses of remigromig independently demonstrated non-inferiority to ranibizumab at week 52. Safety signals: higher rates of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), vitreous hemorrhage, and treatment discontinuations due to adverse events in the remigromig arms vs. ranibizumab. Further analyses are underway. Merck described both doses as generally well tolerated. The Mechanism: What the Wnt Pathway Does Remigromig is not an anti-VEGF, but rather a tetravalent, tri-specific antibody designed to activate the Wnt pathway, which is involved in the repair and maintenance of the blood-retinal barrier. The target: endothelial cell tight junctions in the retinal vasculature — specifically relevant in DME, where vascular leakage is the central pathology. Where It Fits: Combination vs. Monotherapy BRUNELLO was a monotherapy study — remigromig was not tested in combination with anti-VEGF. Why: a combination study would likely have required a superiority design (a higher bar than noninferiority). Merck's clearest regulatory path was monotherapy noninferiority first. If approved, John expects remigromig to function as an add-on, not a replacement — similar to how a second-line glaucoma agent like brimonidine coexists with prostaglandin analogs. The target patient: the roughly 40% with persistent DME edema after anti-VEGF (per DRCR Protocol I and T data). Ranibizumab is a defensible comparator: RIDE/RISE and Protocol T all-comers data show no statistically significant difference vs. aflibercept across the full population. Competitive Context: Ozurdex and Tiespectus If approved, remigromig may compete most directly with Ozurdex (dexamethasone intravitreal implant 0.7 mg, AbbVie) in the non-anti-VEGF DME add-on space. Monthly dosing is remigromig's disadvantage vs. Ozurdex's less frequent schedule; the absence of cataract and IOP risks is its advantage. Tiespectus (MK-8748): Merck's second ophthalmology program — a bispecific antibody that directly activates Tie2 and inhibits VEGF. Being studied first in wet AMD. John's view: remigromig gets Merck on base; tiespectus has home run potential if the data hold. What's Next BAROLO: the companion Phase 2b/3 trial in DME; topline data expected Q1–Q2 2027. Remigromig is also being evaluated in SUPER TUSCAN, a Phase 2 proof-of-concept study in wet AMD and RVO. Any regulatory submission pathway for DME depends on the totality of BRUNELLO and BAROLO together. Full data: Donald J. D'Amico, MD, presents BRUNELLO 1-year results at AAO Subspecialty Day, Saturday, October 10, 5:10 PM, New Orleans. Key Takeaways BRUNELLO hit its primary endpoint — remigromig is non-inferior to ranibizumab in DME, representing the first positive Phase 3 data for a non-anti-VEGF, non-steroid DME treatment. The PDR and vitreous hemorrhage signals are real and need characterization; anti-VEGF co-therapy may be the practical mitigation, but that remains to be demonstrated in a combination study. Remigromig is likely an add-on, not a replacement — the 40% of patients with persistent DME edema on anti-VEGF are the target population. BAROLO data (Q1–Q2 2027) will determine whether Merck has a regulatory submission package. Tiespectus follows behind. Credits Production & Marketing: Laura Brown | Business Operations: Liz Hogan Listen at RetinUp.com | Apple Podcasts | Spotify | YouTube

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  Episode #30

  Breaking News: Beacon's Gene Therapy Laru-zova Hits Primary Endpoint in VISTA for XLRP

  Sep 23, 202611 min

  Breaking news: Beacon Therapeutics announced positive topline data from the VISTA pivotal trial of laru-zova (laruparetigene zovaparvovec) for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) — the first gene therapy trial in XLRP to reach its primary endpoint. John Kitchens, MD, and Scott Krzywonos break down the study design, the FDA-endorsed low luminance visual acuity endpoint, what the dose response data actually says (or doesn't say), and what could complicate the path to approval. The VISTA data will be presented in full by Robert A. Sisk, MD, at AAO Subspecialty Day on Saturday, October 10, at 4:13 PM local time in New Orleans. Hosts: John Kitchens, MD, Scott Krzywonos Topics Covered VISTA Trial: What the Data Show Study design: 85 males aged 12–48 with XLRP; enrollment visual acuity 20/32 to no worse than 20/200; high- and low-dose arms compared with untreated control patients (no sham arm); 1-year primary endpoint. Primary endpoint: low luminance visual acuity (LLVA) responder rate — defined as a gain of ≥15 letters at month 12. High-dose arm: 31% of patients reached this threshold. Low-dose arm: 24%. Untreated control arm: 0%. The differential between treated and untreated is the signal; the difference between dose arms is small. Secondary endpoints: gain of ≥10 letters in LLVA (low dose 59%, high dose 48%, untreated 4%); mean macular sensitivity on microperimetry (statistically significant in the low dose, not the high dose). Safety: described as good in the press release; no major safety signals reported. The FDA-Endorsed Endpoint LLVA measures vision under reduced light conditions — the primary functional deficit in XLRP. Standard BCVA is not well-suited for a disease where night vision failure is the central complaint. Before study launch, Beacon likely aligned with the FDA on this endpoint — a pre-agreement that doesn't guarantee approval but confirms both parties entered the trial with shared expectations on how benefit would be measured. Dose Response and Approval Path The absence of a clear dose response — low dose slightly outperforming high dose on some endpoints — may raise FDA questions about dose selection. Gene therapy pharmacokinetics are not always linear, which provides some rationale. Manufacturing capacity and scalability will also be subject to scrutiny, given the novelty of the platform. Beacon has announced plans to pursue regulatory submissions, including to the FDA. Clinical Context XLRP is more prevalent than RPE65-mediated LCA (the target of Luxturna, Spark Therapeutics) and has a characteristic X-linked inheritance pattern — affected males, carrier females — that may make family-based identification more feasible than prior inherited retinal disease programs. Enrollment in VISTA required VA of 20/32 or better, which means earlier diagnosis and genetic testing will be essential to identify candidates before disease progression. The first full data presentation: Robert A. Sisk, MD, Professor of Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Eye Institute/University of Cincinnati, presents VISTA first-time results at AAO Subspecialty Day, Saturday, October 10, 4:13 PM local time, New Orleans. Key Takeaways VISTA is the first gene therapy trial in XLRP to reach its primary endpoint — the first potential gene therapy approval in retina since Luxturna in 2017. The FDA-endorsed LLVA endpoint reflects a deliberate effort to measure what actually matters to patients with XLRP: the ability to function in low light. Earlier diagnosis and genetic testing will be prerequisites for treatment; the X-linked inheritance pattern may make family-based identification more tractable than prior IRD programs. Full data at AAO Sub Day, October 10, 4:13 PM local time. More to come. Credits Production & Marketing: Laura Brown | Business Operations: Liz Hogan Listen at RetinUp.com | Apple Podcasts | Spotify | YouTube

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  Episode #29

  AAO 2026 Preview | Retina Subspecialty Day & the Talks Worth Showing Up For

  Sep 17, 202636 min

  John Kitchens, MD, and Scott Krzywonos break down the AAO 2026 annual meeting in New Orleans (October 9–12) — whether it still matters, what to catch at Subspecialty Day, and which late-breaking Phase 3 data presentations could move the field. Each host shares their top four talks, and the Vitreoretinal View covers the surgical program. A quick correction from the prior episode: the SOL-1 primary endpoint was at month 9, not month 6, as stated in our previous episode. Corrections welcome at info@retinup.com. Hosts: John Kitchens, MD, Scott Krzywonos Topics Covered AAO 2026: Does It Still Matter? In-person attendance may be down post-COVID, but virtual access has expanded the meeting's reach significantly. Still a premier venue for late-breaking Phase 3 data and surgical education. New Orleans in October doesn't hurt. John is on the podium in two places: the 2026 Debate Session (Friday, 2:45 PM — No Flap for Macular Hole) and a vitrectomy for floaters talk at Refractive Subspecialty Day. Plus, John pays tribute to Kirk Packo, MD — the legendary AAO debater — and his famous 2006 New Orleans talk calling out industry over Avastin access. John's Top Four Talks No. 4 — Friday, 5:10 PM: Ehsan Rahimy, MD, presents 36-month safety data from the PRIMA photovoltaic retinal implant trial in geographic atrophy. A European device that has hit mainstream news; risk of accelerating atrophy and debate over whether VA gains reflect true restoration or magnification make this one to watch. No. 3 — Friday, 5:05 PM: Raj K. Maturi, MD, presents 12-month topline results from the Phase 2 ArMaDa trial of OCU-410, a modifier gene therapy for GA. Back-to-back with PRIMA; gene therapy for GA is the right target given the need for sustained delivery. No. 2 — Saturday, 4:56 PM: Arshad M. Khanani, MD, MA, presents Phase 2 ELAAVATE data for RGX-314 (Regenxbio), a subretinal gene therapy for center-involved DME. Subretinal and suprachoroidal delivery routes both in development; data could signal what gene therapy for DME looks like before the Phase 3 wave hits. No. 1 — Saturday, 5:10 PM: Donald J. D'Amico, MD, presents the BRUNELLO pivotal trial results for Remigromig (MK-3000, Merck) in DME — a Wnt pathway inhibitor that targets endothelial cell tight junctions rather than VEGF. A genuinely new mechanism; if it wins on VA and drying, it could be additive to anti-VEGF. Monthly ranibizumab as the comparator is defensible given the ride/rise data and Protocol T all-comers results. Merck's second program, tuspetinib (Tie2 activator, ANG1 pathway), is next up in the pipeline. Scott's Top Four Talks No. 4 — Friday, 8:30 AM: Jason Hsu, MD (Wills Eye Hospital), Top Journal Articles That Influenced My Practice. Not a single dataset — a real-world appraisal of what actually breaks through into practice. No. 3 — Saturday, 4:37 PM: Nisha Acharya, MD, presents week 52 MEERKAT and SANDCAT data for vamikibart in uveitic macular edema. Week 16 data were presented at AAO 2025 and ARVO 2026; the 1-year read will be more definitive. Interesting wrinkle: higher dose won in MEERKAT, lower dose in SANDCAT. No. 2 — Friday, 4:40 PM: Charles C. Wykoff, MD, PhD, presents the DAYBREAK Phase 3 trial for Kodiak Sciences — a three-arm study comparing KSI-301 (ABC anti-VEGF), KSI-501 (ABC anti-VEGF + anti-IL-6), and aflibercept. First time (we think) a sponsor has run two of their own candidates head-to-head against a control. No. 1 — Saturday, 4:13 PM: Robert A. Sisk, MD, presents first-time pivotal VISTA trial results for laru-zova gene therapy (Beacon Therapeutics) for X-linked RP. Could be the second gene therapy approved in retina, and the first since Spark in 2017. Larger treatable population than RPE65-mediated LCA; safety around subretinal delivery in a pigmented retina will be key. Vitreoretinal View: Surgical Talks at Subspecialty Day Friday, 8:16 AM — Ninel Z. Gregori, MD: Subretinal administration of photoreceptor precursor cells in RP (Surgical Videos: Cool Cases and Complications). Subretinal photoreceptor delivery is distinct from gene therapy; anatomic and functional outcomes to watch. Friday, 11:04 AM — Aleksandra V. Rachitskaya, MD: When to Worry and When Not to Worry About Retinoschisis. Schisis-related detachments are technically demanding with high PVR risk; looking for pearls on when to operate, laser options, tamponade choice. Friday, 11:11 AM — Colin A. McCannel, MD: A Decade of 27-Gauge Vitrectomy Surgery. Less than 5% of US surgeons use 27-gauge; Alcon Unity system is optimizing flow and stiffness. Does 25-gauge still do everything 27 can without the compromises? Saturday, 3:45 PM — Omesh P. Gupta, MD: Gore-Tex Scleral-Fixated IOL Technique (How Do I Do It). Saturday, 3:52 PM — Murtaza K. Adam, MD: Yamane Technique IOL Placement (How Do I Do It). Saturday, 4:06 PM — Glenn C. Yiu, MD, PhD: Suprachoroidal Injection Tips and Tricks. Increasingly relevant as suprachoroidal gene therapy delivery (RGX-314) advances and approved suprachoroidal steroid delivery matures. Key Takeaways AAO 2026 features an unusually dense late-breaking data slate: BRUNELLO, DAYBREAK, VISTA, MEERKAT/SANDCAT, PRIMA, and ArMaDa all read out at the same meeting. BRUNELLO is the most mechanistically novel: a Wnt pathway inhibitor for DME that could eventually combine with anti-VEGF. VISTA is the most consequential for the inherited retinal disease field if positive. Suprachoroidal delivery and 27-gauge vitrectomy are two surgical trends worth watching across multiple talks. Correction: the SOL-1 primary endpoint was at month 9, not month 6, as stated on our previous episode. Sponsors This episode is made possible by Genentech , maker of Vabysmo (faricimab-svoa) . Hear peer perspectives and case studies in the Purple Chair series, including Dr. David A. Eichenbaum on a real-world DME patient, at Vabysmo-HCP.com . This episode is brought to you by Alcon , a global leader in eye care, including Unity VCS. Learn more at unityvcs.com . Credits Production & Marketing: Laura Brown | Business Operations: Liz Hogan Listen at RetinUp.com | Apple Podcasts | Spotify | YouTube

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  Episode #28

  Pipeline Check-In | Plus Carl Danzig, MD, on His Mid-Career Practice Switch

  Sep 3, 202638 min

  John Kitchens, MD, and Scott Krzywonos take stock of the three biggest retina news stories of 2026 — the SOL-1 superiority data for Axpaxli (Ocular Therapeutix), the FDA approval of Lytenava (Outlook Therapeutics), and the LUGANO Phase 3 (near) miss for Duravyu (EyePoint Pharmaceuticals) — and look ahead to three imminent late-phase readouts that could reshape the field before year's end: DAYBREAK for Zenkuda (Kodiak), BRUNELLO for Restoret (Merck/EyeBio), and ARCHER 2 for vonaprument (Annexon). Carl J. Danzig, MD, then joins for a candid conversation about leaving a solo retina practice after 14 years, navigating a non-compete, commuting across Alligator Alley, and what it actually costs — personally and professionally — to make a major mid-career professional transition. He recently joined Fort Lauderdale Eye Institute as one of four retina specialists, beginning to see patients there on August 24, 2026. Hosts: John Kitchens, MD, Scott Krzywonos Topics Covered 2026 Pipeline Check-In: Catching Our Breath Axpaxli / SOL-1 (Ocular Therapeutix): first superiority study in retina; at week 36, 74% of Axpaxli patients maintained vision vs. 56% on a single aflibercept injection; at 1 year, 66% of Axpaxli patients had not lost 10 letters; NDA filing planned for 2026. Lytenava (Outlook Therapeutics): FDA-approved July 2026 for wet AMD — the first FDA-approved ophthalmic formulation of bevacizumab; measured commercial rollout planned for Q4 2026; full commercialization early 2027. Key unresolved question: impact on compounded bevacizumab access, particularly for non-wet AMD indications including DME, CRVO, BRVO, and myopic CNV. Duravyu / LUGANO (EyePoint Therapeutics): primary non-inferiority endpoint missed in the full dataset; attributed to nine outlier patients in the treatment arm with vision loss unrelated to wet AMD; ad hoc analysis excluding those patients showed non-inferiority; LUCIA companion study topline data expected Q4 2026. 2026 Pipeline Check-In: What's Coming Kodiak Sciences — DAYBREAK (Zenkuda / KSI-501): Phase 3 non-inferiority study for wet AMD; two investigational arms vs. aflibercept; topline data expected September 2026. Kodiak's prior KSI-301 missed its primary endpoint; lessons learned informed DAYBREAK's design. Merck — BRUNELLO (Restoret / MK-3000): Wnt pathway agonist antibody acquired via EyeBio; Phase 3 non-inferiority trial for DME; data expected within 4 to 6 weeks of recording; a second Merck program — an ang-1 upregulator and VEGF inhibitor designed to activate the Tie2 receptor rather than merely inhibiting ang-2 — follows behind. Annexon — ARCHER 2 (vanoprument / ANX007): C1q complement inhibitor for GA; distinct mechanism from C3 (pegcetacoplan) and C5 (avacincaptad pegol) inhibitors; Phase 2 showed a visual acuity benefit without slowing lesion growth; hypothesis: C1q inhibition protects photoreceptors upstream of RPE loss, with atrophy reduction expected to emerge over 12–24 months; Phase 3 primary endpoint is vision preservation, not lesion growth. Carl J. Danzig, MD, on Switching Practices at Mid-Career Background: Temple University medical school, Wills Eye tumor research, residency at Charles Drew (transferred to SUNY Downstate after program closure), fellowship at UT Southwestern; joined Rand Eye Institute as the practice's first and only retina specialist in 2012. Solo practice realities: PI on 59 clinical trials as a solo retina specialist in an anterior segment practice; required extensive coverage arrangements and leveraged a full network of South Florida retina colleagues; elected to Retina Society. Why he left: felt like "salmon swimming against the current" in an anterior segment culture; outgrowing his role; needed partners, shared call, and a practice aligned with his research identity and professional goals. The transition year: geographic restriction meant commuting from Fort Lauderdale to Bonita Springs (Advanced Retina Institute) — across Alligator Alley — Tuesday through Thursday most weeks; often away five to six nights at a time including commercial speaking and international meetings. The real costs: income went to zero during the gap; anxiety about the non-compete timeline; mental load of solo parenting for his wife; being a diminished version of himself at home after long stretches away. "Phil Rosenfeld, MD, told me I jumped out of an airplane holding my family's hand and no one had a parachute." Fort Lauderdale Eye Institute: one of four retina specialists; seven minutes from home; active clinical trial program; practice aligned with his values. First patient day: August 24, 2026. Advice to anyone considering a mid-career move: know your worth, don't undervalue yourself, move sooner rather than later if the fit is wrong, and build your network before you need it. Key Takeaways The three biggest retina stories of 2026 — SOL-1, Lytenava, and LUGANO — set up a fall season with multiple Phase 3 readouts that could further reshape the treatment landscape. Annexon's ARCHER 2 is the most mechanistically distinct GA program in Phase 3 — a C1q inhibitor targeting photoreceptors upstream of RPE loss. Leaving a practice at mid-career is a financial, legal, logistical, and deeply personal decision — Carl Danzig's year-long transition is a useful blueprint for anyone considering it. Network-building early in training is the single most durable investment a retina specialist can make. Sponsors This episode is made possible by Genentech, maker of Vabysmo (faricimab-svoa). Hear peer perspectives and case studies in the Purple Chair series at Vabysmo-HCP.com . This episode is brought to you by Ocular Therapeutix, a biopharmaceutical company working to redefine the retina experience across drug development, treatment, and outcomes. Learn more at OCUTX.com . Credits Production & Marketing: Laura Brown | Business Operations: Liz Hogan Listen at RetinUp.com | Apple Podcasts | Spotify | YouTube

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